AD9043 Ac Adapter, Genuine ACBEL AD9043 Power Adapter Charger

What can be done when the AC power adapter type cannot be determined in a laptop?

It can be determined, but you might be unable to do so.
If there is a sticker or any kind of text in proximity to the port, it might contain information about what kind of charger you need.
The port itself can be measured to find the correct size.
If the model of the laptop is known, this can be used to google the hardware specification, it should also lead you to adapter type.
If all this fails, look at the battery to find out its specifications and measure the port, this info should be enough to get a charger that fits.

Is it okay to save battery life, use AC Adapter and keep battery out from laptop?

Yep, you can definitely remove battery and use the laptop with ac adapter.

However, the battery charge will still deplete by very small amount even when not used for long time.

Also the battery life will last long if you use it regularly by recharging to 100% and depleting to 0% cycle by using it.

The more cycle you do, the chances of battery lasting longer.

How can I check a laptop motherboard for a short if the AC adapter is shutting off when it's plugged in?

My first suspicion would be battery. Two reasons:

1. The battery when goes flat, will not charge. Sometimes they tend to short.

2. Some batteries will require extremely high current to charge. The AC adapter may not be rated for this.

I would first check point no. 2 . If the adapter is original then, next would be to remove the battery and connect the ac adapter.

If it still fails, you can check the resistance between the supply terminals inside the laptop. Generally it would be some filter capacitor shorting.
Let me know, once you have checked all these. Laptop generally do not short like entertainment devices.

Is it OK if I just remove the ground prong from my laptop AC adapter if I'm gonna use 3 to 2 prong adapter?

I’m not sure why you need or should want to do this. I’m in the UK and all our power outlets (except dedicated wash room isolated razor outlets) are three pin. The ground pin opens a shutter over the power connections and is sometimes made of plastic.

Computer power supplies are often double insulated so the third pin is not connected. You can check this with a meter is the power supply end of the lead has three sockets. If it has only two or the third is unconnected there are no electrical implications at all. (You can also check for connection through to the ground of the laptop, the outside of a USB connector. My personal view is that such a connection is unnecesary and not a safety feature. The ‘official’ view may be different.)

I have a laptop that does have a connection right through to the computer from the power plug ground. This is a nuisance as it creates a ground loop when I connect it to my sound system and a loud whine (not a low frequency buzz) stops me from using it as a media player. I have dealt with the problem by using an extension socket wired with only power and neutral and two core cable for the laptop. Both the socket and plug are clearly marked ‘No Ground’. It solves the problem but it is probably illegal!

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